Total Energy Junction
    • 16 Aug 2022
    • 1 Minute to read

    Total Energy Junction


    Article summary

    The Total Energy Junction is a unit which provides an alternative to the traditional Open Junction unit. Whereas the Open Junction unit equalises water levels at the junction, the Total Energy Junction equalises the total energy head at all nodes.

    Theory and Guidance

    Introduction

    The Total Energy Junction is a unit which provides an alternative to the traditional Open Junction unit. Whereas the Open Junction unit equalises water levels at the junction, the Total Energy Junction equalises the total energy head at all nodes.

    In some instances, particularly those involving high velocities, the Total Energy Junction is a more appropriate tool to use and can provide better representation of the conditions at the junction.

    The modeller needs to consider carefully whether the Total Energy Junction is more appropriate; examples of where the Open Junction is inappropriate may result in an energy gain across the junction, or by unrealistic flow splits, e.g. at complex channel confluences/splits..

    A conversion utility is provided in the Flood Modeller user interface to enable users to quickly switch between selected Open and Energy Junctions.

    Equations

    The mass balance (continuity) equation is as per the open junction unit:

    Qin = Qout

    where Qin is the sum of all inflows at the junction, and Qout is the total sum of the outflows.

    The energy balancing junction is

    h+ vi2/2g = hi-1 + vi-12/2g (for i = 2, ... n),

    where hi and vi are the stage and velocity respectively at node i (out of n in total in the junction), and g is the acceleration due to gravity. This is energy-conservative at the junction.

    Notes

    1. An Energy Junction may only be connected to channel units at present.
    2. Existence and uniqueness: there may be certain situations where no solution is possible, or possibly more than one solution. This could lead to convergence problems in such instances.
    3. It is noted that physically, the total head at junctions may not be equal. The Total Energy Junction provides an approximation, based on mass and energy conservation at the junction.
    4. The Total Energy Junction will not currently work with the Direct Method Transcritical Solver.

    Datafile Format

    Line 1 - Keyword 'JUNCTION' [comment]

    Line 2 - Keyword 'ENERGY'

    Line 3 - Labels for the junction (two or more)


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