---
title: "References"
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description: "Find the reference page for Flood Modeller documentation."
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> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://help.floodmodeller.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# References

Ackers P., White W.R., Perkins J.A. and Harrison A.J.M. (1978)*Weirs and Flumes for Flow Measurement.* Wiley, Chichester, UK.Afflux at Arch Bridges (1988) *Report SR182.* Hydraulics Research Wallingford. 1988Amien M. and Fang C.S. (1970)*Implicit Flood Routing in Natural Channels.* ASCE Journal of Hyd. Div.Benchmarking Hydraulic River Modelling Software Packages (2004)*DEFRA/Environment Agency: Benchmarking Hydraulic River Modelling Software Packages*, Results – Test J (Bridges) R&D Technical Report: W5-105/TR2J. March 2004Boorman D.B. et al (1990)*A review of design flood estimation using the FSR rainfall runoff method*. D.B. Boorman, M.C. Acreman and J.C. Packman. Institute of Hydrology report No. 111. Institute of Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK. April 1990. ISBN 0948540 23 0.Bos M.G. (1989)*Discharge Measurement Structures*. ILRI Publication 20. Netherlands.BS ISO 4377:2002 (2002)*Hydrometric determinations - Flow measurement in open channels using structures - Flat-V weirs.*BS3680 (1981 - 90)Methods of measurement of liquid flow in open channels. British Standards Institution.  
Part 4A. *Thin plate weirs (1981*).  
Part 4B. *Triangular profile weirs (1986) (identical with ISO 4360 : 1984).*  
Part 4C. *Flumes (1981). Part 4D. Compound Gauging Structures (1981).*  
Part 4E. *Rectangular Broad Crested weirs (1990) (identical with ISO 3846 : 1989).*  
Part 4F. *Round Nose Horizontal Broad-Crested Weirs (1990) (identical with ISO 4374 : 1990).*Bureau of Reclamation (1987)*Design of Small Dams*. Water Resources Technical Publication.--3rd edition. US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation. 1987.
ISBN 0-16-003373-XChow V.T, Maidment D.R. and Mays L.W.*Applied Hydrology*. McGraw-Hill Publishing Company (1988) ISBN: 0071001743Chow V.T. (1959)*Open channel hydraulics*, McGraw-Hill
	
	Courant R. and Lax P. (1959)
	*On Non-Linear Partial Differential Equations with Two Independent Variables*. AEC (US) Research and Development Report No. AWL5990.

Culvert Design and Operation Guide (2010)*Culvert Design and Operation Guide (2010)* Balkham M., Fosbeary C., Kitchen A., Rickard C. Culvert design and operation guide. Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA) report no. C689 RP901. ISBN 978-0-86017-689-3.This document replaces the CIRIA Culvert Design Manual (1997).  
This document can be obtained from CIRIA, Classic House, 174-180 Old Street, London EC1V 9BP  
Tel: 020 7549 3300  
[E-mail: enquiries@ciria.org](mailto:enquiries@ciria.org)  
[Web: http://www.ciria.org/](http://www.ciria.org/)
	
	Evans E.P. (1977)
	*The Behaviour of a Mathematical Model of Open Channel Flow. 17th IAHR Congress*. Baden-Baden.

Evans E.P. and von Lany P.H. (1983)*A mathematical model of overbank spilling and urban flooding.* Published in "Hydraulic Aspects of Floods and Flood Control", London, UK. 1983.Falconer R.A. and Chen Y. (1991)*An improved representation of flooding and drying and wind stress effects in a two-dimensional tidal numerical model.* Proc. Inst. Civ. Engrs. Part2, 1991. 91. Dec.,659-678.Flood Estimation Handbook (1999)Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire (formerly the Institute of Hydrology). December 1999*.* ISBN 0 948540 94 X.
Vol 1: *Overview*.
Vol 2: *Rainfall Frequency Estimation* Vol 3: *Statistical Procedures for Flood Frequency Estimation*
Vol 4: *Restatement and Application of the Flood Studies Report Rainfall Runoff Method* Vol 5: *Catchment Descriptors Flood Estimation Handbook at the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology website*.
An FEH CD-ROM is also available from the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology containing data for flood frequency estimation covering the entire United Kingdom.Flood Studies Report (1975)*Natural Environment Research Council, UK.* Vol 1: Hydrological Studies.
Vol 2: Meteorological Studies
Vol 3: Flood Routing Studies
Vol 4: Hydrological Data
Vol 5: MapsFlood Studies Supplementary Reports (1977-1988)No. 1: *Areal reduction factor in flood frequency estimation* (Sept 1977) No. 5: *Design flood estimation in catchments subject to urbanisation* No. 13: *Some suggestions for the use of local data in flood estimation* No. 16: *The FSR rainfall-runoff model parameter estimation equations updated* (Dec 1985) No. 18: *Collective risk assessment for sites sensitive to heavy rainfall* (Oct 1988) Further details from: Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK. http://www.nwl.ac.uk/ih/Gill A.E. (1982)*Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics,* Academic Press, San Diego (USA), 1982Harrison (1967)*The Streamlined Broad-crested Weir.* Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Vol 38, pp657-678Herschey R.W. (1985)*Streamflow Management.* Elsevier Applied Science Publishers.HR Wallingford and D.I.H. Barr (1994)*Tables for the hydraulic design of pipes, sewers and channels.* Volume 1. 6th edition. Thomas Telford. London. 1994 ISBN 0 7277 1997 1HR Wallingford EX1296*Cardiff Peripheral Distribution Road - Butetown Link.* HR Wallingford Hydraulic Studies Report EX1296Hydraulics of Bridge Waterways (1978)US Federal Highway Administration. 1978 (supersedes the 1958 report)Isaacson E., Stoker J.J. and Troeschi A. (1958)*Numerical Solution of Flow Problems in Rivers.* ASCE Journal of Hyd. Div.Kindsvater C.E. and Carter R.W.C. (1957)*Discharge Characteristics of Rectangular Thin Plate Weirs*. Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Journal of the Hydraulics Division, Vol. 83, No. HY6, December 1957, pp. 1453/1-1453/36.Kjeldsen T.R., Miller J.D. and Packman J.C. (2013)*Modelling design flood hydrographs in catchments with mixed urban and rural land cover.* Hydrology Research 44.6, 2013.Mahmood and Yevjevich (1975)*Unsteady Flow in Open Channels*. Fort Collins, Colorado.Marshall D.C.W. and Bayliss A.C. (1994)*Flood estimation for small catchments.* Institute of Hydrology report No. 124. Institute of Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK. June 1994. ISBN 0948540 62 1.McCarthy G.T. (1938)*The Unit Hydrograph and Flood Routing*. Unpublished manuscript presented at a conference of the North Atlantic Division, US Army, Corps of Engineers. June 24th 1938McCuen R.H. et al (1984)*SCS Urban Peakflow Methods*. ASCE Proc. Hydraulics Division Vol 110(3). 1984Moore R.J. (1985)*The probability-distributed principle and runoff production at point and basin scales*. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 30, No.2, pp273-297.Murray M.G. (2003)*An Investigation into Object-Oriented Approaches for Hydroinformatics Tools*. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Newcastle.Preissmann A. (1961)*Propagation des intumescences dans les canaux et rivieres*. Presented at the 1st Congress of the French Association for Computation, Grenoble, France, 1961Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T. (1986)*Numerical Recipes; The Art of Scientific Computing.* Cambridge University Press. 1986Your content goes herePrice R.K. (1977)*Flout - A river catchment flood model.* HRS Report no IT 168. HR Wallingford Ltd. (1977)Reeves A. (1995)*Variable Parameter Muskingum-Cunge Flood Routing*. MSc Report. University of Birmingham and HR Wallingford (1995)Revitalisation of the FSR/FEH Rainfall Runoff Method (2005)*Revitalisation of the FSR/FEH rainfall runoff method (2005)*. R&D Technical Report FD1913/TR. Joint Defra/EA Flood and Coastal Erosion Risk Management R&D Programme.Ritzema (ed) (1994)*Drainage Principles and Applications*. ILRI Publication 16, 1994Rungo M., Refsgaard J.K. and Havno K. (1989)*The updating procedure in the MIKE-11 modelling system for real-time forecasting, Intl*. Symposium on Hydrological Applications of weather radar 1989, Salford Ellis Horwood.Samuels P.G. (1990)*Cross-Section Locations in 1-d Models*. International Conference on River and Flood Hydraulics. WR White (ed). John Wiley.Sutcliffe J.V. (1978)*Methods of Flood Estimation: a Guide to the Flood Studies Report*. Report No. 49. Institute of Hydrology, Wallingford.Weinmann D.E. and Laurenson E.M. (1979)*Approximate Flood Routing Methods: A Review.* Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Journal of the Hydraulics Division, Vol. 105, No. HY12, pp 1521-1536. December 1979.White W.R. (1966)*The Flat-Vee Weir*. HR Wallingford Report INT 56, 1966White W.R. (1968)*The Flat-Vee Triangular Profile Weir with 1:2 Upstream and Downstream Slopes*. HR Wallingford Report INT 66, 1968White W.R. (1970)*The CrumpProfile Flat-Vee Weir.* HR Wallingford Report EX 473White W.R. (1971)*The performance of two-dimensional and flat-V triangular profile weirs*. Proc.I.C.E.,Suppl.(ii) 1971, paper 7350S pp21-48)Wilders P., Van Stign T.L., Stelling G.S. and Fokkema G.A. (1987)*A Full Implicit Splitting Method for Accurate Tidal Computations*. Delft University of Technology Report 87-75.Wylie and Streeter (1978)*Fluid Transients*. McGraw-Hill. 1978Yarnell, D. L. (1934)*Bridge piers as channel obstructions* (No. 422), US Dept. of Agriculture.